里斯本（又稱葡京），是葡萄牙共和國的首都和最大都市，同時也是該國的政治中心、政府所在地和國家元首的住所。里斯本市區佔地面積100.05平方公里，人口為544,851人（截至2021年）。其都會區包括衛星城市，人口超過300萬，相當於葡萄牙總人口的27%。此外，里斯本是一座位於西伊比利半島、太加斯河與大西洋匯流處的城市。
Lisbon, also known as "Lisboa" or "Pessoa," is the capital and largest city of the Portuguese Republic. It serves as the political center, governmental hub, and residence of the country's head of state. Covering an area of 100.05 square kilometers, the city has a population of 544,851 people as of 2021. Its metropolitan area includes satellite cities with a population of over 3 million, accounting for 27% of Portugal's total population. Additionally, Lisbon is a city located at the confluence of the Western Iberian Peninsula, where the Tagus River meets the Atlantic Ocean.
作為世界上最古老的城市之一，里斯本的歷史源遠流長，亦是歐洲第二古老的首都（僅次於雅典）。2018年，里斯本機場接待了2900萬名乘客，是葡萄牙最繁忙的機場、伊比利亞半島第三繁忙的機場，以及歐洲第二十繁忙的機場。在南歐城市的訪問量排名中，里斯本位列第九，僅次於伊斯坦堡、羅馬、巴塞隆納、米蘭、雅典、威尼斯、馬德里和佛羅倫斯。2018年，共有3,539,400名遊客造訪了里斯本。該地區的GDP購買力平價高於葡萄牙其他地區，國內生產總值達963億美元，人均32,434美元，在全球總收入中排名第40位。
As one of the oldest cities in the world, Lisbon boasts a rich and ancient history, also ranking as the second oldest capital in Europe, only surpassed by Athens. In 2018, Lisbon Airport welcomed 29 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in Portugal, the third busiest in the Iberian Peninsula, and the twentieth busiest in Europe. Among Southern European cities in terms of visitor numbers, Lisbon stands at the ninth position, following Istanbul, Rome, Barcelona, Milan, Athens, Venice, Madrid, and Florence. In 2018, a total of 3,539,400 tourists visited Lisbon. The region's GDP per capita is higher than other areas in Portugal, with a Gross Domestic Product of $96.3 billion and an average per capita income of $32,434, ranking 40th globally in terms of total income.
里斯本市擁有豐富的歷史建築，從羅馬式、哥德式、曼紐哥德式、巴洛克式，一直到現代和後現代建築，幾乎處處可見。重要的街道如自由大道、光復廣場、龐巴爾侯爵廣場和共和國大道等，穿過城市的主幹道上也有歷史悠久的林蔭大道和紀念碑。此外，里斯本的歷史建築還包括發現者紀念碑，紀念著葡萄牙著名的航海家亨利王子 瓦斯科·達伽馬和斐迪南·麥哲倫。
Lisbon city boasts a wealth of historical architecture, spanning from Romanesque, Gothic, Manueline, and Baroque styles to modern and post-modern designs, visible almost everywhere. Important streets such as Avenida da Liberdade, Praça da Restauração, Praça do Comércio, and Avenida da República, along with the city's main thoroughfares, feature historic tree-lined avenues and monuments. Additionally, Lisbon's historical architecture includes the Monument to the Discoveries, commemorating Portugal's renowned navigators Prince Henry the Navigator and Ferdinand Magellan.
Pastéis de Belém，位於繁華的貝倫區，是葡式蛋塔的創始店，也是一家經營逾百年的糕餅老店。這個地方不僅是里斯本最著名的美食之一，也是自由行旅客必訪的景點之一。葡式蛋塔的歷史可以追溯到19世紀，當時熱羅尼莫斯修道院的修女們在蛋黃過剩的情況下，聰明地將其做成了蛋塔，用以增加修道院的收入。據說蛋塔的食譜自1837年開始保密，至今仍然是個秘密。事實上，全世界只有六個人擁有這個珍貴的蛋塔製作食譜，這增添了蛋塔的神秘感。然而，蛋塔的秘密配方至今仍然是最高度保密的。
Pastéis de Belém, located in the bustling Belém district, is the original shop of Portuguese egg tarts and a pastry bakery that has been operating for over a century. This place is not only one of Lisbon's most famous culinary delights but also a must-visit spot for independent travelers. The history of Portuguese egg tarts can be traced back to the 19th century when the nuns of the Jerónimos Monastery cleverly turned surplus egg yolks into tarts to generate income for the monastery. It is said that the recipe for egg tarts has been kept secret since 1837 and remains a mystery to this day. In fact, only six individuals in the world possess this precious egg tart recipe, adding to the mystique of the delicacy. However, the secret formula for egg tarts is still highly confidential.
里斯本以阿茲勒赫瓷磚畫聞名，這種瓷磚裝飾建築物，展現獨特藝術風格。這種傳統技藝在里斯本舉足輕重，為城市增添美麗。國家阿茲勒赫瓷磚博物館展示這項技藝的發展，從古老故事到現代設計。阿茲勒赫瓷磚畫不僅美化建築，也反映葡萄牙人對藝術的愛。這種磁磚文化融合歷史、故事和美學，成為里斯本文化的一環。
Lisbon is renowned for its azulejo tile art, a decorative ceramic style that embellishes buildings and showcases a unique artistic flair. This traditional craft holds significant importance in Lisbon, enhancing the city's beauty. The National Azulejo Museum showcases the evolution of this technique, spanning from ancient stories to contemporary designs. Azulejo tile art not only adorns architecture but also reflects the Portuguese passion for art. This tile culture seamlessly blends history, storytelling, and aesthetics, becoming an integral part of Lisbon's cultural identity.
瓦斯科·達伽馬大橋是葡萄牙里斯本的一座重要跨海橋樑，以著名航海家瓦斯科·達伽馬命名。這座大橋於1998年完工，橫跨泰戈斯河，連接市中心和卡克克拉什地區。它全長17.2公里，擁有壯觀的主跨長度，是歐洲最長的懸索橋之一。這座大橋不僅提供交通便利，也成為了里斯本的地標之一，融合了現代工程和城市美景。無論是日間還是夜晚，都能欣賞到它的壯麗風景。
The Vasco da Gama Bridge is a significant sea-crossing bridge in Lisbon, Portugal, named after the renowned navigator Vasco da Gama. Completed in 1998, this bridge spans the Tagus River, connecting the city center with the Parque das Nações district. With a total length of 17.2 kilometers, it boasts an impressive main span length, making it one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in Europe. This bridge not only provides convenient transportation but has also become a landmark in Lisbon, blending modern engineering with urban vistas. Whether during the day or at night, one can admire its magnificent scenery.
里斯本的電車是城市的一大亮點，它們不僅是交通工具，更是文化象徵。尤其「電車28」，是遊覽里斯本的熱門方式。這些古老電車除了運輸功能，也是活生生的歷史見證者，外觀懷舊，坐在裡面，您能感受到城市的節奏。電車不僅象徵歷史和傳統，也在文化中扮演角色，為遊客和居民帶來獨特體驗。在這些電車裡，您可以輕鬆欣賞城市風景，了解當地文化。總之，里斯本的電車是運輸，也是城市魅力，連接過去與現在，成為不可或缺的一部分。
The trams of Lisbon are a major highlight of the city, serving not only as modes of transportation but also as cultural symbols. Particularly, the "Tram 28" is a popular way to explore Lisbon. These vintage trams, in addition to their transportation function, are living witnesses of history, exuding a nostalgic charm. Riding inside them, you can feel the rhythm of the city. These trams symbolize not only history and tradition but also play a role in the local culture, offering a unique experience for both visitors and residents. Inside these trams, you can effortlessly enjoy the city's scenery and gain insights into the local culture. All in all, Lisbon's trams are both a means of transport and a testament to the city's allure, bridging the past and the present, making them an integral part of the experience.
「聖胡斯塔升降機」是里斯本的一個受歡迎的旅遊景點，建於19世紀末，連接著下城區和上城區，其獨特的歷史和設計風格使其成為了一個令人驚嘆的工程奇蹟。這座升降機的外觀充滿了哥特式和葡萄牙風格的裝飾，精美的鑄鐵結構和拱形窗戶讓人印象深刻。除了作為交通工具，它還提供一個觀景台，遊客可以乘坐電梯上升，從高處俯瞰整個里斯本的城市美景，包括太加斯河、大西洋和建築物的壯觀景色。
The "Elevador de Santa Justa" is a popular tourist attraction in Lisbon, constructed in the late 19th century, connecting the lower and upper parts of the city. Its unique history and design make it a remarkable engineering marvel. The appearance of this elevator is rich in Gothic and Portuguese decorative styles, featuring exquisite cast iron structures and arched windows that leave a lasting impression. Beyond its function as a means of transportation, it also offers an observation deck, allowing visitors to ascend via the elevator and gaze down upon the breathtaking urban beauty of Lisbon. This includes views of the Tagus River, the Atlantic Ocean, and the stunning architecture.
